National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. ^ Nancy Garrick, Deputy Director (4 April 2017).^ "Alopecia universalis | Disease | Overview | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program".Many clinical trials are ongoing involving JAK inhibitors such as ruxolitinib and tofacitinib. Current research and findings suggest that systemic JAK inhibitors eliminate and prevent the development of AA, while topical JAK inhibitors promote hair regrowth and reverse the established disease. This man was treated with JAK inhibitor tofacitinib, and after ten months, he experienced hair regrowth on all of his affected body parts and subsequent improvement of his AD. Multiple cases of treatments have been successful, one of them being of a 22-year-old man with a history of AU and atopic dermatitis (AD). Janus kinase inhibitors, previously used in the treatment of cancer and other diseases, such as arthritis, have successfully shown to be effective in the initial trials of treatment for alopecia patients. However, the main side effect is increased risk of cutaneous atrophy at the site of treatment folliculitis is also an occasional complication. Additionally, studies suggest that intralesional applications are much more effective than topical applications of steroids. This is very similar to the results obtained from immunotherapy treatment trials.
A controlled study comprising 28 patients found positive terminal hair growth in eight of the patients (28.5%) using a 0.05% clobetasol propionate ointment. Topical and intralesional corticosteroids, such as clobetasol propionate, have also shown to be an effective treatment for AT and AU patients. In addition to its helpful effects in treating AU, it can have side effects that can be very serious, such as severe dermatitis. A review that combined and analyzed the findings of 45 studies comprising 2,227 patients showed any hair regrowth in 54.5% and complete hair regrowth in 24.9% of patients with AT and AU using contact immunotherapy. Ĭontact immunotherapy involves the use of contact allergens, such as diphencyprone and squaric acid dibutylester, to induce an immune response that is thought to oppose the action of cells causing hair loss.
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In June 2014, a 25-year-old man with almost no hair on his body was reported to have grown a full head of hair, as well as eyebrows, eyelashes, and facial, armpit, and other hair, following eight months of treatment. Tofacitinib citrate may also have benefits. Many treatments have been explored, including immunomodulatory agents such as imiquimod. Genetic factors may contribute to AU, as about 20% of those affected have a family member with alopecia. Causes Īlopecia universalis can occur at any age, and is currently believed to be an autoimmune disorder, in which a person's immune system attacks the hair follicles. People with the disease are usually healthy and have no other symptoms and a normal life expectancy. It is the most severe form of alopecia areata. Italian former referee Pierluigi Collina with alopecia universalisĪlopecia universalis (AU), also known as alopecia areata universalis, is a medical condition involving the loss of all body hair, including eyebrows, eyelashes, chest hair, armpit hair, and pubic hair.
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